I am dyslexic, and these are my experiences. They certainly won’t be universal, especially as there isn’t just one form of dyslexia [0]. To identify my strain of dyslexia, I read quite quickly (though only somewhat accurately) through pure pattern-recognition. I can look at, say, "word" and identify that the second letter is an ‘o’, but if I want to understand it as a concept I ignore the letters involved all together [1]. Essentially, I’ve memorized how each word in the English language looks as a complete entity. (I also, thankfully, have an excellent conceptual memory.) This approach, of knowing something is made up of individual parts but not needing to worry about what specifically those parts are unless absolutely necessary, extends to how I approach math, history, social sciences and fantasy world-building as well.
I believe that this tendency to generalization is why I am able to jump between levels of abstraction quite easily. The concept of emergence, and the specific cases of recursion and polymorphism, are obvious to me. Everything in the universe is made up of component parts, interacting in ways that give rise to the meta-phenomenon we observe, like “matter” and “consciousness”, and I can keep that in mind without worrying particularly about what those components are. It is odd to me when people consider things to be discrete, isolated wholes; it can be useful to talk about them that way, but I usually don’t actually believe it.